Migration affects bot the area of origin and the area of desintation. The effects of migration are social, economic and politial
\nIssues of economic migration: source country
\nEconomic costs include:
\n\u00b7 The loss of young adult labour force
\n\u00b7 The loss of those with skills and entrepreneurial talents, which may slow economic development
\n\u00b7 Regions where-out migration takes place may suffer from a spiral decline that is difficult to halt
\n\u00b7 The loss of labour may deter inward investment by private organisation, increasing dependence on governmental initiatives
\nEconomic benefits include:
\n\u00b7 Reduced under-employment in the source country
\n\u00b7 Returning migrants bring new skills to the country, which may help to revitalise the home economy
\n\u00b7 Many migrants send remittances home and much of this money is reinvested in the some economy in projects such as new buildings and services
\n\u00b7 There is less pressure on resources in the area, including basic supplies such as food essential services such as healthcare
\nSocial costs include:
\n\u00b7 The perceived benefits of migration encourage more of the same generation to migrate, which has a
\ndetrimental effect on social structure
\n\u00b7 There is a disproportionate number of females left behind
\n\u00b7 The non-return of migrants causes an imbalance in the population pyramid
\n\u00b7 Returning retired migrants may impose a social cost on the community if support mechanisms are not
\nin place to cater for them
\nSocial benefits include:
\n\u00b7 The population density is reduced and the birth rate decreases , as t is the younger adults who
\nmigrate
\n\u00b7 Remittances sent home by economic migrants can finance improved education and health
\nfacilities
\n\u00b7 Returning retired migrants increase social expectations in the community, for example, the demand for better leisure facilities
\nPolitical effects include:
\n\u00b7 Policies to encourage natural increase
\n \u00b7 Policies to encourage immigration to counteract outflow or to develop resources
\n\u00b7 Requests for international aid<\/p>\n
Issues of economic migration: destination country
\nEconomic costs include:
\n\u00b7 The costs of educating the migrants\u2019 children have to be home
\n\u00b7 There is an over-dependence of some industries on migrant labour, e.g. the construction in the UK
\n\u00b7 Much of the money earned, including pension payments, is repatriated to the country of origin
\n\u00b7 Increased numbers of people add to the pressure on resources, such as health services and education
\nEconomic benefits include:
\n\u00b7 Economic migrants tend to take up the less desirable jobs
\n\u00b7 The host country gains skilled labour at reduced cost
\n\u00b7 The \u2018skills gap\u2019 that exists in many host countries is filled by qualified migrants
\n\u00b7 Costs of retirement are transferred back to the source country
\nSocial costs include:
\n\u00b7 The dominance of males is reinforced, especially in countries where the status of women is low \u2013 for
\nexample, in the Persian Gulf states
\n\u00b7 Aspects of cultural identity are lost, particularly among second-generation migrants
\n\u00b7 Segregated areas of similar ethnic groups are created, and schools are dominated by migrant
\nchildren
\nSocial benefits include:
\n\u00b7 Creation of a multi-ethnic society increases understanding of other cultures
\n\u00b7 There is an influx of new and\/or revitalised providers of local services \u2013 for example, Turkish baths and local corner shops
\n\u00b7 There is a growth of ethnic retailing and areas associated with ethnic food outlets \u2013 for example,
\nthe \u2018curry mile\u2019 in Rusholme, Manchester
\nPolitical effects include:
\n\u00b7 Discrimination against ethnic groups and minorities which may lead to civil unrest and
\nextremism
\n\u00b7 Call for controls on immigration
\n\u00b7 Entrenchment of attitudes which may encourage
\n fundamentalism<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"